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Microelectronic Devices and Circuits >> Content Detail



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Readings

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The reading assignments for the course are from the required textbook: Fonstad, C. G. Microelectronic Devices and Circuits. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1994. ISBN: 0070214964. The textbook errata (PDF) is also provided.

SES #TOPICSREADINGS
L1 Introduction. Intrinsic Semiconductors, Bond Structure, Holes and Electrons; ni(T). Dopants - Donors and Acceptors. no and po in Extrinsic (Doped). Sic: Thermal Equilibrium, Detailed Balance, nopo Product; no, po Given NA, ND.Chap. 1 (all)
Chap. 2 (all)
L2Uniform Excitations: Uniform Electric Field and Drift (Review from Rec. 2). Uniform Optical Injection. Low Level Injection. Minority Carrier Lifetimes. Homogeneous Solution.Chap. 3 (all except 3.3.2)
App. B
L3Non-uniform Injection and/or Doping. Diffusion. Continuity/Conservation. The Five Basic Equations.Chap. 4 (all)
L4Linearization and Decoupling of 5 Basic Equations in Flow Problem Regime: Quasineutrality, Debye Length, LDx, and Dielectric Relaxation Time, τD; Minority Carrier Flow by Diffusion. Diffusion Equation(s) for n': General Solutions; Boundary Conditions; Procedure to find n, p, Je, Jh, Ex having n'.Chap. 5 (all)
L5Non-uniformly Doped Material in Thermal Equilibrium. Electrostatic Potential (Using Einstein Relation); Poisson equation. no(x), po(x), Φ(x) when Doping Varies Slowly; Quasi-neutral Approximation; Extrinsic Debye Length, LDx. Begin Abrupt p-n Junction.

Chap. 6 (all)

L6Abrupt p-n Junction in Thermal Equilibrium; the Depletion Approximation. Expressions for W, xn, xp, Epk, Φb. Extension of Model to Biased Junctions: Argue can Replace Φb by (Φb - vA) if Charge Due to Currents Can be Neglected and All vA Appears across Junction.

Chap. 7 (7.1, 7.2)

L7Forward Biased Abrupt p-n Junction. Carrier Equilibrium with/across Space Charge Layer; Current Flow. Derivation of I-V Expression. Plots of Carrier Populatioins through Forward and Reverse Biased Short Base p-n Diodes (Emphasize Injection is into Lightly Doped Side).

Chap. 7 (7.3, 7.4.1a)

L8Review Diodes Current, and QN Region Excess Charge Stores and Diffusion Capacitance; Introduce BJT Structure, and Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Operating Principles; Derive Currents for npn BJT in Forward Active Region; Introduce Base and Emitter Defects.

Chap. 7 (7.5 to end)

L9Superposition, Ebers-Moll Model for npn. Expressions for α and β. Large Signal BJT Characteristics and Models: Regions of Operation; Approximate Model Valid in Forward Active Region. β-model. Discussion of Limitations of Model and Extremes of Operation; Non-ideal Elements.

Chap. 8 (8.1)

L10Other Junction Devices (a Disguised Quiz Review): LEDs, Illuminated p-n Diodes; Superposition Solar Cells and Photodiodes.

Chap. 8 (8.2.1a)

L11MOS Structures. Discussion of Accumulation, Depletion, Inversion. Application of Depletion Approximation to MOS Capacitor to Relate Channel Charges to Gate Voltage. Flat Band Voltage; Threshold Voltage.

Chap. 9 (all except 9.5)

L12Gradual Channel Approximation for MOSFET i-v Characteristics; Quadratic Approx. Discussion of Pinch-off. Regions of Operation.

Chap. 10 (10.1.1a)

L13Summary of Static Large Signal BJT and MOSFET Models. Enhancements: Base Width/Channel Length Modulation (Early Effects); Charge Stores (diffusion and Depletion Stores in BJTs and MOSFETs).

Chap. 7 (7.2.2, 7.3.4)
Chap. 8 (8.2.1)
Chap. 10 (10.2.1)

L14Incremental Models for BJT (Hybrid-π) and MOSFET. npn vs. pnp; n-channel vs. p-channel; go, Early Voltage; Capacitances. Importance of Stable Bias Point.Chap. 7 (7.4.2)
Chap. 8 (8.2.2, 8.2.3)
Chap. 10 (10.2.2, 10.2.3)
L15Basic Inverters as Building Blocks for Digital Logic, Memory; Performance Critieria. Begin MOS Logic; Inverter Options; Why CMOS.

Chap. 15 (15.1, 15.2)

L16CMOS in All its Glory: Comparison of Various Loads in Logic Context - Logic Swing, Speed, Power, Manufacturablity. Memory Cells.

Chap. 15 (15.2.4)

L17Begin Transistor Amplifiers; Common-source as Example. Performance Metrics: Voltage, Current, and Power Gains; Input and Output Resistances. Concept of Mid-band Frequency Range.

Chap. 11 (11.1, 11.2)

L18Basic Single Transistor Amplifier Stages. Common-base/-Gate and Emitter-/Source-Follower Amplifier Stages. Degenerate-Emitter/-Source Stages; Analysis and Features. Two-port Models.

Chap. 11 (11.3 to end)

L19Differential Amplifiers: Large Signal Analysis and Transfer Characteristics; Incremental Analysis and Half-circuit Analysis Techniques.

Chap. 12 (12.1, 12.2)

L20Complete General Differential Amplifiers. Current-source Biasing Circuits. Achieving Maximum Gain while Staying in Forward Active Region: Resistor Loads, Non-linear Loads.

Chap. 12 (12.3 to end)
Chap. 13 (13.1)

L21Active Loads: Lee Load; Current Mirror Loads; Double- to Single-ended Output Conversion. Multi-stage Amplifiers; Issues of Bias, Loading, Stage Choice. Applications and Advantages of CMOS.

Chap. 12 (12.4)

L22Bounding Mid-band; Methods of Open- and of Short-circuit Time Constants in High Frequency Analysis of Multi-stage Amplifiers. High Frequency Gain of Common-emitter/-Source Stage; Miller Capacitance.

Chap. 14 (14.1, 14.2)

L23A Look at the a Commercial Op-amp Design (741); Use to Discuss Some Special Stages (Darlington, Cascode, Push-Pull, etc.) Use of Capacitor to Stabilize Circuit. Expand upon Cascode as Important Multi-transistor Stage: Large Output Resistance, Excellent High Frequency Performance.

Chap. 13 (13.2 to end)

L24

Intrinsic Limits to High Frequency Performance of MOSFETs and BJTs: wα, wβ, wt. Limits of Quasi-static Approx.

Chap. 14 (14.3; You can skip the derivation of the Gate Capacitance Expressions and jump from Eq. 14.30b to the result, Eq. 14.48, and what follows)

L25CMOS Gate Delay and Power Estimates; Relation to Device Dimensions. Scaling Rules. Example of Scaling: 386/486/Pentium.

Chap. 16 (16.3.1, 16.3.3)

L26Overview of the IC Industry, Analog and Digital. Review of Course and Suggestions for Follow-on Subjects.

All sections not previously assigned [just kidding; no more reading assignments, however if you want something useful to read, check out Chap. 15 (15.3, 15.4) and Chap. 16 (16.1, 16.2.1a)]


 








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